Optical information system with a broad non-coherent irradiating beam coupled with optical fiber from a laser source

ABSTRACT

A method of reading data from an optical disk comprises providing means for illuminating the required part of the disk and acquiring the optical image of a plurality of tracks, providing a detector matrix comprising a plurality of detectors, each of the detectors being capable of producing an output signal which is proportional to the intensity of the light detected by it causing an optical image corresponding to an illuminated area to fall on the said detector matrix, transferring the output signal of the detector matrix to image processing means, determining position coordinates of the track center for each data track, by analyzing the output signal of the said detector matrix, saving in memory means expected track center data, comprising position coordinates of the track center located by the analysis of the output signal, and if an actually detected track center is shifted with respect to the expected track center, electronically moving the track center position.

This is a division, of application Ser. No. 08/043,254, filed on Apr. 6,1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,426,623, issued on Jun. 20, 1995.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to optical disks. More particularly, theinvention relates to a method and apparatus for reading large amounts ofdata at a high rate from optical disks.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Optical disks are becoming the base for computerized archives and databases because of their huge capacity. When they are organized in ajukebox which contains tens of disks and numerous disk drivers, they canform very large archives.

The main disadvantage of these disks and disk system is the serial modein which the data is read from them. Coupled with slow access time thismode limits the search performance and the rate at which the data istransferred to the computing system. An optical disk contains an indexof the data. By using the index, the access time to a piece of data isshorter than if the data has to be searched for serially. However, forthe more demanding applications, where the same data is searched for invarying contexts or by varying criteria, the index is of no help andsearching through all the disk is required. Such a search can take avery long time if done serially. Even worse, when the search is done ona jukebox which contains a few drivers and tens of disks to be searched,the search time becomes extremely long. The rate of transfer from thedata to the disk to the system is much slower than the processing rateof a common CPU unit. Hence, much of the CPU time is wasted in waitingfor data being fetched from the disk.

Optical disks of various kinds are based on concentric circular orspiral tracks on which the data is written in the form of spots ofchanges of some optical property of the disk media. These changes aretypically spots of higher reflection than the non data-containing partsof the disk. These data spots lie along a spiral or circular path on thedisk. The disk is divided into sectors, and each loop of this spiralpath that lies within a sector is called a track. The data is read fromthe optical disk by an electro-optical head which projects a narrowlight spot on the rotating disk, reads the reflected light from the diskand transduces it into an electrical signal. At any point in time thehead reads one spot of data. By rotating the disk below the head, atrack is read spot by spot. To read data from outer or inner tracks, thehead is moved to the desired track by a motor. In advanced split headdesign the moving head is composed of a lens, a focusing coil motor, afine tracking motor and mirrors. This combination of rotating disk witha radially moving head enables to access any data spot on the disk. Thereading of the data spots is done serially along a track or along thewhole spiral path. Commercially available optical disks have internaldata transfer rates of about 15 Mbit/sec, which translates to an outputrate of 1.25 Mbyte/sec. Searching through a whole disk may thus takemore than ten minutes.

Optical heads can read several tracks simultaneously when combining alens with a wide field of view and a matrix of light detectors thatcover this field. Processing the signal from each of these detectorsseparately, in parallel, multiplies the data throughout proportionatelyto the number of detectors. Such a matrix of detectors is described,e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 5,111,445. However, implementing parallel readingof an optical disk by a detector matrix requires first solving somesevere problems.

The first problem is that of sampling the data spots that lie on a polarcoordinate system by a matrix of detectors set in a rectangularcoordinate system. As a result of such sampling, data spots may besampled not in track order, which may result in the scrambling of thedata structure.

Another problem is that unlike the electro-optical head according to theknown art, which has a servo system to center the head over the track,centering a line-scan matrix over many curved tracks is very difficult.Without centering the detectors on the tracks, radial movement of thedisk may shift the data spots between neighboring detectors and thus,again, scramble the data structure. All of this has to be done at thevery fast speed of the data spots (i.e., 15 Mbit/sec.).

Yet another problem is that a detector matrix cannot economically coverall the tens of thousands of tracks, so that some means for fast movingto different group of tracks is needed. After each of such movement thedetector matrix have to be aligned to the fight tracks.

Generally speaking, reading data from an optical disk requires highprecision. Ordinarily, such a reading is carried out using coherentlight, even if writing of the data has been effected with non-coherentlight, e.g., as in U.S. Pat. No. 3,805,275 or U.S. Pat. No. 4,135,251.In some instances non-coherent light has been used in illuminating datain the form of the amplitude-modulation of the relief height of apattern of surface relief variation, such as in the microfiche-likesystem described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,486,870. However, such systemscannot read multitrack information and require the use of precise andexpensive servo mechanisms.

It is therefore clear that it would be highly desirable to be able toovercome the aforesaid problems and to provide reading means capable oftransferring to the system data from an optical disk at a high rate.

It is an object of the present invention to provide such a method andapparatus which permit to read high amounts of data and to transfer dataat high rate from the optical disk to the system.

It is another object of the invention to provide a system for readingdata from an optical disk which does not require mechanical adjustmentto compensate for small disk drift in the radial position, and toeliminate the fine tracking coil in the moving part.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a system for fastaccess to any data (track) on the disk or on multiple disks.

It is still another object of the invention to provide a device by meansof which a plurality of disks can be read by a single head.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to the use of a non-coherent opticalsystem for carrying out fast data reading from an optical disk, withoutthe use of a mechanical servo mechanism for small position corrections.While the invention comprises many different aspects, it should beunderstood that in each case the two aforementioned characteristics aremaintained, viz., a non-coherent system is used and no mechanical servomechanism is provided for correcting local drift. It should beunderstood that the ability of fast addressing the data on the opticaldisk, with high precision, is related to the fact that an electronic

servo mechanism is employed, and is made possible by the use of anon-coherent system in a manner never devised before in the art.

The reading device for an optical data disk, according to the presentinvention, comprises an optical apparatus for fast addressing tracks onthe disk, optical apparatus for imaging the tracks on detector matrixcomprising a plurality of detectors arranged in parallel lines, the saiddetector matrix being coupled to a plurality of shift registers, wherebyelectric charge generated by light falling on each cell is transferredto the following cell and the shift register receives the combinedcharge from the last cell in the line. One such device is the so-calledTDI sensor, described, e.g. in D. F. Barbe, "Time delay and integrationimage sensors", Solid State Imaging, P. G. Jespers et al, Nordhoff, TheNetherlands, pp. 659-671 (1976).

The device according to the invention further comprises image processingmeans to receive the image generated by the detector matrix and totranslate said image into data contained in data spots located on thedisk.

The invention is further directed to a method of accessing and readingdata from an optical disk, which method comprises the steps of:

1) providing means for illuminating the required part of the disk andacquiring the optical image of a plurality of tracks;

2) providing a detector matrix comprising a plurality of detectors, eachof the said detectors being capable of producing an output signal whichis proportional to the intensity of the light detected by it;

3) causing an optical image corresponding to an illuminated area to fallon the said detector matrix;

4) transferring the output signal of the said detector matrix to imageprocessing means;

5) determining position coordinates of the track center for each datatrack, by analyzing the output signal of the said detector matrix;

6) saving in memory means expected track center data, comprisingposition coordinates of the track center located by the said analysis ofthe output signal; and

7) if an actually detected track center is shifted with respect to thesaid expected track center, electronically moving the track centerposition.

According to one embodiment of the invention, at the beginning of theoperation a so-called "locking" operation is carried out, to determinethe track center, and the coordinates of the track center initiallyfound are used as the first value for the expected track center.Additionally, in another preferred embodiment of the invention a numberof track center values consecutively determined are considered, topermit statistical evaluation of drift and other system parameters.

As will be apparent to a person skilled in the art, the ability to moveto the centers of the data tracks electronically, by redefining theposition of said tracks without the need for mechanical adjustment,enables the compensation for small drift in the disk movement. Thiscompensation is critical for reading many tracks simultaneously. Thisability to compensate quickly for such drift is one important feature ofthe invention, which permits to process large amounts of data at highrates.

As will be appreciated by the skilled person, coherent systems requirethat the phase of the electromagnetic wave be taken into account, whilenon-coherent systems only accumulate the level of the signal generatedby the light they detect. It has been found, and this is an aspect ofthe invention, that the use of non-coherent systems permits to avoidmany drawbacks found in prior art systems utilizing coherent light andimaging systems. For instance, edges are sharp in coherent systems andlead to overshoot and undershoot effects in the detected signal, whichdo not exist in non-coherent systems. Furthermore, because coherentsystems are phase-dependent, every factor which influences the phase,such as changes in height or slope of the optical surface, affect thedata read from the disk. Thus, for instance, prior art parallel readsystems are very sensitive to dust and dirt. The system of theinvention, on the other hand, is much less sensitive to irregularitiesof the optical medium and is therefore much less disturbed by dust anddirt. Thus, in another aspect, the invention is directed to a methodwhich permits to reduce the adverse effect of irregularities on thesurface of the optical media and thus to increase the accuracy ofreadings therefrom.

As will further be apparent, the ability to scan the disk without movingthe optical head, but only lightweight optics, is also another importantfeature. Another important feature is the ability to access data trackselectronically, within close proximity. Still another advantage of theinvention relates to the easy access to a plurality of disks.

All the above and other characteristics and advantages of the inventionwill be better understood through the following illustrative andnon-limitative description of preferred embodiments thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 schematically shows the main modules of the preferred embodimentof the invention;

FIG. 2 schematically shows the main modules of another embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 3 illustrates a multi-driver configuration of the system, accordingto a preferred embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 illustrates the scanning operation of the step and focus unit;

FIG. 5 illustrates the focusing operation of the step and focus unit;

FIG. 6 illustrates a conventional TDI detector matrix;

FIG. 7 illustrates the reading of a number of tracks with a conventionalTDI detector matrix;

FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of a signal processing unitaccording to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9 illustrates the known DOG edge detection operator;

FIGS. 10 and 11 give the respective input and output to the PPDalgorithm and exemplify its operation.

FIG. 12 illustrates the peak detection operator;

FIG. 13 illustrates the peak detection process; and

FIGS. 14-15 relate to the examples.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In FIG. 1, the preferred embodiment of the system for disk searching andreading is described. An optical disk 2 to be scanned by the system isplaced in optical disk driver 4 which rotates the disk. Above disk 2there is relay optics unit 6 that images the disk to intermediate imageabove it. The relay optics has a long optical path which creates enoughspace for optical elements such as the step and focus unit 8 or folding

mirrors for multi disk configuration. The data is acquired by one ormore reading heads 12, each one comprises of microscope 10, light source16, detector matrix 14, focus sensor 18, and step and focus unit 8.These units are to be described below. The disk is illuminated by alight beam that is emitted from light unit 16, focused by microscope 10and relayed by relay optics 6 to generate a uniform area of non-coherentillumination on disk 2. The light unit 16 is composed of a laser diodeor a laser array 124, coupled to fiber optics 125 and a projection lens126, which projects the output illumination from the fiber optics isilluminated with the full numerical aperture of the objective. Thisprovides for a non-coherent system. This systems is particularlyconvenient, as will be apparent to the skilled person, when used inconjunction with a TDI. The light reflected from the disk is relayed byrelay optics 6 to form intermediate image of the disk inside the stepand focus unit 8. This image is re-imaged by microscope 10 on detectormatrix 14. The step and focus unit 8 step through intermediate imagesuch that the required tracks of disk 2 are imaged by microscope 10 ondetector matrix 14. The only moving parts are light weight mirrors 114and 115 in the step and focus unit 8 which can be moved very fast, whileall other optical and electrical components are fixed. The electricalsignal that is generated by detector matrix 14 is processed by signalprocessing module 20. This module detects the presence and location ofthe sets of data spots in an optical storage medium. Data spotsinformation is sent to storage module 22 and after structuring, the datais sent to a computer system (not shown). The data spot location signalis sent to controller 24. The controller sums up the changes in dataspot location on the tracks and send is correction signals to signalprocessor 20 and to step and focus unit 8. Controller 24 sends alsosynchronization signals to detector matrix 14, to signal processor 20,and to storage module 22.

Auto focus sensor 18 sense the focusing state of microscope 10 and sendcorrecting signals to step and focus module 8.

Referring to FIG. 1, a more detailed description of optical modules isbrought. The preferred embodiment of the relay optics is of twospherical mirrors arranged in Offner telecentric type ["Offner 1:1system: some further uses", M.V.R.K. Murtz, Optical Engineering, Vol.24, No. 2, pp. 326-328 (April, 1985), Offener, U.S. Pat. No. 3,748,015].The light from the disk is folded by mirror 102 toward spherical mirror104. The light is reflected from mirror 104 toward the second sphericalmirror 106 that reflects the light back to mirror 104. The reflectedlight from mirror 104 is folded by mirror 108 toward step and focus unit8. This relay optics images the whole cross-section of the disk by 1×magnification. The illuminated area is imaged on an annular ring fieldas described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,748,015. The step and focus (to bedescribed below) folds the light toward the microscope 10. Microscope 10consists of objective lens 118, beam splitter 120, and tube lens 122. Inthe preferred embodiment the objective lens is, for example, of ×25magnification (together with the tube lens) and the beam splitter is of50:50 ratio. By replacing the 50:50 beam splitter 120 with a polarizingbeam splitter and inserting a λ/4 plate between the beam splitter andthe objective lens, and by replacing mirror 128 with a polarizingmirror, the system becomes sensitive to polarization, which is animportant factor for some types of optical disks.

The light from light source 124 is focused by lens 126 in the back focalplane of objective lens 118, to form a Kohler illuminating system.Mirror 128 folds the light toward beam splitter 120 so that it folds ittoward objective lens 118. The light is folded by mirrors 110, 114, 115in the step and focus unit 8 and relayed by relay optics 6 toward disk 2in order to generate uniform areas of light on it. In FIG. 2, anotherembodiment of the invention is described. In this embodiment, which willbe referred to hereinafter as a "light split head", for the sake ofbrevity, the relay optics is left out and the objective lens 118 is setdirectly above the optical disk. The focusing of the microscope is doneby voice coil 116, which moves objective lens 118 towards the diskaccording to the focusing signal from focusing sensor 18. The objectivelens 118, its voice coil 116 and mirror 114 are moved directly by amotor to image the required tracks of the disk by microscope 10. Thestep and focus unit 8 is used to compensate for the varying distances ofthe moving parts 117 from the static parts of the reading head. Thisembodiment is simpler but still faster than a conventional split head,since the fine tracking coil is eliminated due to the use of electronictracking, thereby significantly reducing the weight of the moving parts.In this configuration a plurality of disks can also be provided, eachhaving its own drive or mounted on a single spindle where each disk hasits own moving part 117, and a step and focus unit 8 is used tocompensate for the varying distances of the disks from the singlereading head.

In FIG. 3, another embodiment of a system that enables the multi-diskconfiguration is illustrated. In relay optics unit 6 there are severalfolding mirrors (168,169,170). Each of the mirrors can be rotated by amotor (not shown) such that it is in folding position (i.e. fold thebeam) or in unfolding position (i.e. outside the beam). The firstmirror, 168, folds the beam toward disk 164 laying on driver 166 thathas the longest distance from mirror 168. The last mirror, 170, foldsthe beam toward the last disk, 160, laying over driver 162 that has theshortest distance from mirror 170. Between folding mirrors 168 and 170there are several such mirrors 169 so it can be set so each of themfolds the beam toward a disk and drivers laying between drivers 166 and162. The driver and disk are positioned such that the optical pathbetween mirror 106 and the disks is equal for all the disks in thesystem. This configuration enables fast switching between multipledisks.

Referring now to FIG. 4, the stepping operation of step and focus unit 8is described. Light ray 132 from a track on disk 2 is folded by mirrors134, 136 and 138 such that it exits at line 144 on the optical axis ofthe microscope. In order for the microscope to see light rays fromanother distance (i.e. out of the field of view of the microscope),mirror 134 moves the required distances to position 140. This movementchanges the optical path length of the beam folded by mirror 136 towardline 144. Therefore, mirror 136 is moved half the movement of mirror 134to position 142. In that position the optical path length of ray 140 toline 144 is equal to path length of ray 132 to line 144 so themicroscope "sees" the same distance. Mirrors 136 and 134 are moved by amotor that is controlled by system controller 24. By moving onlylightweight mirrors a very fast scanning is made possible.

Referring now to FIG. 5, the focusing operation of step and focus unit 8is described. Light beam 146 from disk 2 is folded by mirror 156 andfocused in position 154. This focused beam is folded by mirrors 148 and

158 toward the microscope. If position 158 is out of focus for themicroscope, mirror 148 is moved to position 150 so that beam 146 isfocused at point 152 which is the focus position for the microscope.Mirror 148 is moved by a motor that is controlled by the focusing sensor(18 in FIG. 1 ) of the reading head.

The structure of the detector matrix 14, the organization of the signalprocessing unit 20, the storage module 22 and the controller unit 24 aredesigned to solve the problems described above in parallel reading ofdata in an optical disk by a rectangular matrix of detectors. Also, theyare designed to detect and register the data spots on their data trackat the fast rate at which the data spots are passing by the detectors.The detector matrix is of the CCD type, and is organized in a TDI (TimeDelay and Integration) structure.

Referring now to FIG. 6, the TDI detector matrix is described. The TDIdetector matrix 14 includes a plurality of parallel lines 34 through n,each of which contains a large number of detectors. The electricalcharge generated by the light falling on each detector in the lines 34can be transferred to the neighboring detector of the adjacent line ofdetectors, and be summed with the charge of the neighboring detector 36.The transfer of charge from one line of detectors is synchronized withthe movement of the data spot along the detectors columns 38. The speedof transfer of the charges is therefore equal to the tangential velocityof the disk. The charges generated by a moving data spot on thedetectors that lie on one of the columns 38 are summed by this transferto give a stronger signal at the last line, n. The charge from the lastrow n is transferred to a readout shift registers 44. Each shiftregister 44 is connected to a segment of the last row of detectors, n,and the charge from the detectors of the segment is transferred thereto.The charge from each cell of the shift register is read out serially.The readout data rate from the shift registers 44 limits the transferrate of charges from row to row. Therefore, the number of detectorsconnected to each shift register should fit the required readout rateand the detector transfer rate. For example, for a disk with a data rateof 15 Mspot/sec. and a CCD detector with an output transfer rate of 60Mhz, each shift register is connected to four detectors.

FIG. 7 illustrates the relation between the illuminated area on the diskand the image on the detector matrix 14. The magnified image 53 of theilluminated area 54 on the disk 2 lies over the detectors 58 of thedetector matrix 14 so that the images of the data spots 52 on tracks 56of the rotating disk 2 are crossing the last row of detectorsperpendicularly. Due to diffraction, the diameter of the image spot isapproximately equal to the width of the track.

At any moment in time, each image of data spot 52 lies over a squarethat contains nXm detectors. This nXm sampling of a data spot enables tolocalize a data spot on the fight track when the disk has a small radialmovement. It also enables to detect the presence of two succeeding dataspots that are barely resolved, in inner tracks of the disk. The numberof detectors along a column 60 is limited by the curvature of the tracks56 on the disk. The shift in the horizontal position of a track betweenthe first row and the last row is less than a tenth of the size of adetector, for an inner track (at a radius of 3 cm).

The difference between the tangential velocity of a data spot on thefirst and the last row is negligible.

Because of the radial movement of the disk, the tracks can be shiftedwith large amplitude. In order not to loose the shifted tracks, the rowsof detectors have to be long enough to "see" the shifted tracks as well.For global shift of amplitude w and for track width d, additional2.w/(d/m) detectors should be provided in the detector matrix 14.Alternatively, only small and fast shifts are compensated forelectronically, and large slow shifts are mechanically compensated.

When the transfer rate of rows is about 15 Mrows/sec., and the requireddata rate is then 320 Mbit/sec. Hence, 320/(15/3)=64 spots must be readin parallel. A track is sampled by 3 pixels. Therefore, the number ofdetectors in each row should be at least 64×3=192. For a shift of tracksof global amplitude, I30 nm, and for a track width of 1.5 nm thereshould be 120 additional detectors in a row. Thus, the total number ofdetectors will be 312. If each three detectors are connected to a shiftregister, the number of shift registers required will be at least 78.

FIG. 8 schematically illustrates image processing module 20. The modulereceives signals from detector matrix unit 14. The data from each shiftregister 66 of detector matrix 14 is fed to input memory buffers 70.Input memory buffers 70 are connected to a set of track processors (TP)72 that detect the presence of image spots. The input memory buffer canalso serve as a multiplexing unit transferring only a section of thedetector outputs into the processors. By switching electronicallybetween different sections of the matrix, a fast access to neighboringtracks is

available. By processing spots, the processing rate is reduced by thenumber of detectors "covered" by a spot. Track detectors 72 align thespots on their right tracks. This alignment is done locally for smallradial movement of the disk. More global alignment is done by systemcontroller 24.

The TPs are connected via a multiplexer unit 73 (FIG. 8) to a set oferror detection and correction (EDC) units 74. The EDC units aredesigned to extract and correct the data and store the segment datauntil it is ready for output. The output data is stored segment bysegment in output frame buffer 75, where they are grouped to 8 bit byte.

Referring again to FIG. 8, the data rates and unit configurationsaccording to a preferred embodiment of the invention are now explained.Referring to a system designed for a throughput of 20 Mbyte/sec. atoutput buffer 75, the EDC units 74 need to work at the rate of about 320MbitYsec. if a factor of at least 2 in detection/correction and headerdata, and 8 bits per byte are assumed. This requires about nine suchunits if each unit can process data at 20 Mhz. In turn, TP units 72 nowneed to process about 9 pixels for each output bit. This means that thesystem effective rate in pixel processing is 2880 Mpixels/sec. Such arate is possible if 64 such units are used. The units are timed so thatthe interaction between TP 72, EDC 74 and the output buffer issynchronized.

The operation of track processor 72 is now described with reference toFIGS. 7 and 8. In FIG. 7, for example, the structure of tracks andsectors of the disk are illustrated. Before each sector 53, there is asector header consisting of tracking spots 64 (usually 2 spots) layingon the edges of the tracks, and timing spots 68 (1 or 2) lay at thecenter of the tracks. These sector headers are pre-written accurately onthe disk. Referring back to FIG. 8, the way that TP 72 uses thisstructure of the disk is described. Track processor 72 works in threemodes: 1) detecting: 2) tracking and 3) locking.

In the detection mode, a spot 52 or a string of spots are identified bymeans of edge detection. In the preferred embodiment of the invention,the operator used for the edge detection is the difference of twoGaussians (DOG), which approximates very closely the second derivativeof a Gaussian distribution function, G"(x): ##EQU1## Referring now toFIG. 9, the DOG operator 300 is shown. The Gaussian component of thesaid operator removes some of the high frequency noise from the image,without diminishing the accuracy of the edge detector. The edgedetection method is used in the context of the invention, and as suchalso forms a part of the invention.

The said operator is applied to the image via a convolution operation:

    P(x)=I(x)  G"(x)

where I(x) is the image function and P(x) is the resulting convolvedimage.

The DOG operator 300 is one-dimensional, and in the preferred embodimentof the invention its size is of odd number, is referred to as the"kernel", and is comprised of center and the right and left shoulders.The DOG operator 300 is applied to the data along the track. Theconvolution operation yields a convolved image comprising an array ofpositive, negative and zero values. The edges position is represented bythe zero-crossing between adjacent positive and negative values. Thelocation of the zero-crossing is calculated in sub-pixel accuracy, usinginterpolation.

The accuracy of the edge detector is very high as long as only one edgeis located within the scope of the said operator. The said operator isdesigned to compute the location of the edge which is currently nearestto the said operator's center, which is the edge of interest. If otheredges reside within the scope of the said operator, they bias thecalculations designated to determine the position of the edge ofinterest. A special algorithm is applied to the raw data to dramaticallyreduce the influence of non-relevant edges residing within the scope ofthe DOG operator. This algorithm, the Pre-Processor for the DOG (PPD)operator 300, processes the raw data before the said operator is appliedto it.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the PPD identifies thechange in intensity, above a given threshold, which is nearest to thecenter of the kernel, and assumes it represents the edge of interest.The direction of the intensity of the edge of interest is thendetermined. All other changes in intensity (if such exist), aboveanother given threshold, and in opposite direction to the edge ofinterest, are taken to be irrelevant edges.

The algorithm inspects each shoulder sequentially, from the center out.Pixels that form an edge with the preceding pixel, and the direction ofthe edge intensity is opposite to the direction of the intensity of theedge of interest, are set to the value of the preceding pixel. If thedirection of the intensity is the same as that of the edge of interest,no action is taken. If no irrelevant edges are detected, no action istaken.

The following example illustrates the actions taken by the PPD.Referring to FIG. 10, the center of the kernel is placed over pixel 322and is left of the edge 308, which position is to be calculated. Thekernel in this example is nine pixels wide.

The PPD is searching the data on the right hand side of the kernel,sequentially. Edge 310, having an intensity gradient in the samedirection as that of edge 308, is left as is. Edge 312, having anintensity gradient in the opposite direction than that of edge 308, iseliminated by setting pixel 326 to the value of pixel 324. The same goesfor pixel 328, which is also set to the value of pixel 324, eliminatingedge 314. Looking now on the left side of the kernel, edge 306 is leftas is, having an intensity gradient in the same direction as that ofedge 308. Edge 318, having an intensity gradient in the oppositedirection than that of edge 308, is eliminated by setting the value ofpixel 334 to the value of pixel 332. Edge 320 is left as is, since it isin the same direction of edge 308, and the value of pixel 336 is higherthan that of the new value of pixel 334 (=value of pixel 332). Referringto FIG. 11, the "cleaner" data segment, as submitted to the convolutionoperator, is illustrated. The values of pixels 326 and 328 are nowleveled with the value of pixel 324. Pixel 334 has now the same value aspixel 332. Edges 312, 314 and 318 have been eliminated.

Another embodiment of the PPD method includes a varying size kernelwhere a short kernel is executed at highly dense areas and a long kernelis executed at sparse areas.

Once the edges have been calculated, the distance between adjacent edgesis computed and translated into "spot" units. This translation isdependent on the overlap ratio between spots and the radial distance ofthe given track from the rotational axis of the disk.

Referring back to FIG. 8, the modes of the TP 72 are described. In thelocking mode, the initial location of the center of the track iscomputed and set. TP 72 calculates the half-width distance between twoof the nearest successive tracking spots 64 (in FIG. 7) of the sectorheader, and confirms this with the timing spot(s) 68 on the trackcenter.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the sampling resolution isthree pixels across each track. In the tracking mode, the maximum (orminimum) value across the track (over 4 pixels) is computed in subpixelresolution. The location of the maximum is recorded. This process isreferred to as the "peak detection". Any shift in the position of themaximum, relative to the current track center, is detected. The newtrack center is computed and the corresponding pixel nearest the center

of the track is tagged as the central pixel of the track. Fornon-sampled tracks, where the tracking points do not exist, the lockingis performed on the track data.

In the detection mode, the edges of a spot or a string of spots aredetected, along the track direction. The distance between adjacent edgesis computed at the center of the track. The above distance is translatedinto "spot" units, taking into account the overlap between the spots andthe radial distance of the given track from the rotational axis. In thesame manner, the distance between adjacent strings of spots is computed.The length of the strings and the gaps between them are then used by thedecoding schemes.

The mechanism for detecting the peaks is further described below.

The peak detection mechanism is quite similar to the edge detectionmechanism, "peak location" meaning the location along a row of pixelsacross a track and between two track edges, where the maximum (orminimum) intensity value is located.

Referring to FIG. 12, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, theoperator used for the peak detection is the First Difference operator400, which is a one-dimensional operator consisting of two values: +1and -1. Convolving the operator with pixels across the track direction,yields a convolved image comprising an array of positive, negative andzero values. The zero-crossing between adjacent positive and negativevalues represent points of maxima and minima of the intensity levels.The gradient direction of the zero-crossing determines whether it is aminimum or a maximum. The exact position of each zero crossing is againcomputed in a sub-pixel accuracy, using interpolation. To reducehigh-frequency noise it is possible to convolve the image with aone-dimensional Gaussian mask, across the tracks, before applying theFirst Difference operator.

Applying the first difference operator across track direction directlyon the input signals has the disadvantage that neighboring pixels mustbe well calibrated. In order to alleviate this problem it is possible toapply first the difference operator in the track direction, whereby eachpixel is subtracted from the same pixel in the detection matrix (but ata different time), and then to search for the maximum (or minimum) valuebetween the gradients in the cross track direction.

The following examples will further illustrate the invention, but arenot intended to limit it in any way.

EXAMPLE 1

This example illustrates the reading of data representing a picture froman optical disk, according to the invention. A Roentgen picture contains2000×2000 pixels. Every pixel contains 12 bits. Each picture, therefore,contains 48 Mbit=6 Mbyte.

Reading the picture from a conventional optical disk, having anaddressing time of 70 msec, and a data reading rate of 1.25 Mbyte/sec,requires a time of:

    [6 MByte/(1.25 Mbyte/sec)]+0.07 sec=4.87 sec.

Reading the picture from a system according to the invention, having anaddressing time of 15 msec, and a data reading rate of 20 Mbyte/sec,requires a time of:

    [6 MByte/(20 Mbyte/sec)]+0.015 sec=0.315 sec.

Therefore, the invention permits the reading of such a picture at aspeed greater by one order of magnitude.

EXAMPLE 2

FIG. 13 shows a digitized image function 440 of four pixels:

Pixel 442 has a value of 230;

Pixel 444 has a value of 190;

Pixel 446 has a value of 160;

Pixel 448 has a value of 230; and

Applying the First Difference to this signal produces four new pixelswith signed values and shifted in space by half a pixel: Pixel 452represents the difference between pixels 442 and 444 and thus is locatedin space exactly between them. It has a value of 40. Similarly, Pixel454 has a value of 30, Pixel 456 has a value of=31 70.

The zero cross lies between pixels 454 and 456, viz., within Pixel 446.The exact location is 30/(30+70)=0.3 pixel.

Hence, the minimum is located at pixel 446, 0.3 pixel from its leftboundary.

EXAMPLE 3

FIG. 14 shows the simulation of a segment of the tracks. FIG. 15 givesan overview of FIG. 14. Table 1 is the conversion of this image intodigitized values. First we determine which column of pixels in eachtrack represents the track data center.

Applying the First Difference operator 400 produces the array of valuesgiven in Table 2. The position of the zero-crossings are now computed,where values between two adjacent columns are changing from negative topositive. A 1:3 linear interpolation is used in this example, resultingin the array shown in Table 3. A value of I in the said table representsthe center of the data in its track. In this example, columns 5, 8 and10 were selected. Once the center of each track was determined, the dataitself was identified. The DOG operator 300 was applied to the same datagiven in Table 1, with a kernel width of five. The array of values givenby Table 4 is produced. Now, zero-crossings are searched for along eachcenter track, as determined in the tracking mode (columns 5, 8 and 10).Again, a 3:1 linear interpolation is applied to determine the edgelocation, resulting in the array shown in Table 5.

In the smallest spot segments (2 spot strings) and error of 0.232 μm isnoted in the computation.

The PPD algorithm is now applied to the new data in Table 1, and the DOGoperator is applied. The results are shown in Table 6. Applying the 1:3linear interpolator yields the accurate results shown in Table 7.

All the above description of preferred embodiments has been given forthe purpose of illustration and is not intended to constitute alimitation of the invention. Many different reading apparatuses,containing different optical parts, data processing means and additionaldevices, may be devised, for different purposes and systems, withoutexceeding the scope of the invention.

                                      TABLE 1                                     __________________________________________________________________________    col                               col            col                          000    1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  010                                                                              11 12 13 14 15                           __________________________________________________________________________    row00:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row01:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              247                                                                              245                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row02:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              233                                                                              226                                                                              254                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row03:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              254                                                                              226                                                                              216                                                                              252                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row04:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              254                                                                              225                                                                              216                                                                              252                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row05:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              254                                                                              254                                                                              225                                                                              216                                                                              252                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row06:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              247                                                                              237                                                                              252                                                                              229                                                                              221                                                                              252                                                                              240                                                                              243                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row07:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              221                                                                              178                                                                              244                                                                              243                                                                              239                                                                              250                                                                              189                                                                              205                                                                              254                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              track                     row08:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              201                                                                              134                                                                              239                                                                              253                                                                              252                                                                              248                                                                              152                                                                              176                                                                              253                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row09:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              212                                                                              158                                                                              242                                                                              247                                                                              245                                                                              249                                                                              172                                                                              191                                                                              253                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              direction                 row10:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              240                                                                              221                                                                              250                                                                              233                                                                              226                                                                              251                                                                              226                                                                              233                                                                              254                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row11:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              254                                                                              252                                                                              254                                                                              226                                                                              216                                                                              252                                                                              253                                                                              253                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row12: row13: row14: row15: row16:                                                255 255 255 255 255                                                              255 255 255 255 255                                                              255 255 255 255 255                                                              255 255 255 255 255                                                              255 255 252 243 236                                                              255 255  249 228 212                                                             254 254 253 251 249                                                              225 225 229 243 253                                                              216 216 221 239 253                                                              252 252 252 250 248                                                              255 255 240 189 152                                                              255  255 243 205  176                                                            255 255 255 254 253                                                              255 255 255 255 255                                                              255 255 255 255 255                                                              255 255 255 255 255                                                               ##STR1##                 row17:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              235                                                                              209                                                                              249                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              250                                                                              172                                                                              191                                                                              253                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row18:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              235                                                                              209                                                                              249                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              253                                                                              226                                                                              233                                                                              254                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row19:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              235                                                                              209                                                                              249                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              253                                                                              253                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row20:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              235                                                                              209                                                                              249                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row21:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              235                                                                              209                                                                              249                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row22:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              237                                                                              215                                                                              250                                                                              251                                                                              250                                                                              254                                                                              250                                                                              251                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row23:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              247                                                                              236                                                                              252                                                                              237                                                                              232                                                                              252                                                                              232                                                                              237                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row24:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              254                                                                              252                                                                              254                                                                              227                                                                              218                                                                              250                                                                              218                                                                              227                                                                              254                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row25:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              254                                                                              225                                                                              216                                                                              250                                                                              216                                                                              225                                                                              254                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row26:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              254                                                                              225                                                                              216                                                                              250                                                                              216                                                                              225                                                                              254                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row27:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              229                                                                              219                                                                              253                                                                              219                                                                              229                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row28:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              243                                                                              237                                                                              255                                                                              237                                                                              243                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          row29:                                                                            255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              253                                                                              254                                                                              255                                                                              254                                                                              253                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                                                                              255                          __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 2                                     __________________________________________________________________________    col                               col                                         000                               010                                         __________________________________________________________________________    row00:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row01:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -08                                                                              -02                                                                              010                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row02:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -22                                                                              -07                                                                              028                                                                              001                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row03:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -06                                                                              -23                                                                              -10                                                                              036                                                                              003                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row04:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -01                                                                              -29                                                                              -09                                                                              036                                                                              003                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row05:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -01                                                                              000                                                                              -29                                                                              -09                                                                              036                                                                              003                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row06:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -08                                                                              -10                                                                              015                                                                              -23                                                                              -08                                                                              031                                                                              -12                                                                              003                                                                              012                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row07:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -34                                                                              -43                                                                              066                                                                              -01                                                                              -04                                                                              011Oil                                                                           -61                                                                              016                                                                              049                                                                              001                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row08:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -54                                                                              -67                                                                              105                                                                              014                                                                              -01                                                                              -04                                                                              -96                                                                              024                                                                              077                                                                              002                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row09:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -43                                                                              -54                                                                              084                                                                              005                                                                              -02                                                                              004                                                                              -77                                                                              019                                                                              062                                                                              002                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row10:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -15                                                                              -19                                                                              029                                                                              -17                                                                              -07                                                                              025                                                                              -25                                                                              007                                                                              021                                                                              001                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row11:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -01                                                                              -02                                                                              002                                                                              -28                                                                              -10                                                                              036                                                                              001                                                                              000                                                                              002                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row12:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -01                                                                              -29                                                                              -09                                                                              036                                                                              003                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row13:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -01                                                                              -29                                                                              -09                                                                              036                                                                              003                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row14:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -03                                                                              -03                                                                              004                                                                              -24                                                                              -08                                                                              031                                                                              -12                                                                              003                                                                              012                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row15:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -12                                                                              -15                                                                              023                                                                              -08                                                                              -04                                                                              011                                                                              -61                                                                              016                                                                              049                                                                              001                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row16:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -19                                                                              -24                                                                              037                                                                              004                                                                              000                                                                              -05                                                                              -96                                                                              024                                                                              077                                                                              002                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row17:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -20                                                                              -26                                                                              040                                                                              006                                                                              000                                                                              -05                                                                              -78                                                                              019                                                                              062                                                                              002                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row18:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -20                                                                              -26                                                                              040                                                                              006                                                                              000                                                                              -02                                                                              -27                                                                              007                                                                              021                                                                              001                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row19:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -20                                                                              -26                                                                              040                                                                              006                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -02                                                                              000                                                                              002                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row20:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -20                                                                              -26                                                                              040                                                                              006                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row21:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -20                                                                              -26                                                                              040                                                                              006                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row22:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -18                                                                              -22                                                                              035                                                                              001                                                                              -01                                                                              004                                                                              -04                                                                              001                                                                              004                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row23:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -08                                                                              -11                                                                              016                                                                              -15                                                                              -05                                                                              020                                                                              -20                                                                              005                                                                              018                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row24:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -01                                                                              -02                                                                              002                                                                              -27                                                                              -09                                                                              032                                                                              -32                                                                              009                                                                              027                                                                              001                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row25:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -01                                                                              -29                                                                              -09                                                                              034                                                                              -34                                                                              009                                                                              029                                                                              001                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row26:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -01                                                                              -29                                                                              -09                                                                              034                                                                              -34                                                                              009                                                                              029                                                                              001                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row27:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -26                                                                              - 10                                                                             034                                                                              -34                                                                              010                                                                              026                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row28:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -12                                                                              -06                                                                              018                                                                              -18                                                                              006                                                                              012                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                          row29:                                                                            000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              -02                                                                              001                                                                              001                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              002                                                                              000                                                                              000                                                                              000                          __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 3                                     __________________________________________________________________________    col         col     col     col     col                                       000         010   17                                                                              020                                                                              24   030                                                                              32   040                                       __________________________________________________________________________    row00:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row01:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row02:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row03:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row04:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row05:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row06:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row07:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row08:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row09:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row10:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row11:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row12:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row13:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row14:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row15:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row16:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row17:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row18:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row19:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row20:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row21:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row22:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row23:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row24:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row25:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row26:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row27:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row28:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 row29:                                                                            0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 4                                     __________________________________________________________________________    col                                col                                        000                5         8     010                                        __________________________________________________________________________    row00:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01 -01                                                                              -30                                                                              -40                                                                              -02                                                                              -01 -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row01:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01 -10                                                                              -17                                                                              -25                                                                              -04                                                                              -01 -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row02:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01 002                                                                              018                                                                              025                                                                              -01                                                                              -01 -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row03:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -02 011                                                                              028                                                                              040                                                                              004                                                                              -01 -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row04:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -13                                                                              -28 002                                                                              019                                                                              024                                                                              003                                                                              -24 -19                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row05:                                                                            - 01                                                                             -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -50                                                                              -110                                                                              -23                                                                              028                                                                              034                                                                              -03                                                                              -96 -73                                                                              -02                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row06:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -50                                                                              -110                                                                              -14                                                                              026                                                                              034                                                                              -05                                                                              -94 -72                                                                              -03                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row07:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              036                                                                              080 011                                                                              -20                                                                              -24                                                                              002                                                                              070 052                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row08:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              117                                                                              262 033                                                                              -61                                                                              -79                                                                              009                                                                              224 171                                                                              004                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row09:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              071                                                                              158 019                                                                              -35                                                                              -49                                                                              006                                                                              136 105                                                                              004                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row10:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -30                                                                              -65 -09                                                                              015                                                                              020                                                                              -03                                                                              -55 -42                                                                              001                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row11:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -58                                                                              -128                                                                              -17                                                                              028                                                                              040                                                                              -04                                                                              -111                                                                              -85                                                                              -03                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row12:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -28                                                                              -62 -08                                                                              019                                                                              024                                                                              -02                                                                              -69 -53                                                                              -02                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row13:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -19                                                                              -44 -04                                                                              028                                                                              034                                                                              -03                                                                              -100                                                                              -76                                                                              -02                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row14:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -17                                                                              -40 -04                                                                              026                                                                              035                                                                              -05                                                                              -94 -72                                                                              -03                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row15:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              005                                                                              010 002                                                                              -07                                                                              -09                                                                              003                                                                              070 052                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row16:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              020                                                                              046 005                                                                              -30                                                                              -41                                                                              012                                                                              224 171                                                                              004                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row17:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              012                                                                              029 003                                                                              -18                                                                              -24                                                                              007                                                                              136 105                                                                              004                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row18:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              002                                                                              005 001                                                                              -03                                                                              -03                                                                              -04                                                                              -55 -42                                                                              001                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              - 01                       row19:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              001                                                                              001 001                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -07                                                                              -111                                                                              -85                                                                              -03                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row20:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              003                                                                              010 002                                                                              -06                                                                              -08                                                                              -05                                                                              -53 -40                                                                              -02                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row21:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              018                                                                              040 004                                                                              -26                                                                              -34                                                                              -04                                                                              -37 -30                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row22:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              019                                                                              040 004                                                                              -26                                                                              -35                                                                              -04                                                                              -35 -26                                                                              -02                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row23:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -05                                                                              -10 -02                                                                              007                                                                              009                                                                              002                                                                              009 007                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row24:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -22                                                                              -46 -05                                                                              030                                                                              041                                                                              005                                                                              041 030                                                                              001                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row25:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -12                                                                              -29 -02                                                                              024                                                                              029                                                                              008                                                                              029 024                                                                              003                                                                              -01                                                                              - 01                                                                             -01                        row26:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -02                                                                              -05 001                                                                              030                                                                              035                                                                              006                                                                              035 030                                                                              001                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row27:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01 -01                                                                              026                                                                              042                                                                              -01                                                                              042 026                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row28:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01 -02                                                                              -10                                                                              -06                                                                              -07                                                                              -06 -10                                                                              -02                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row29:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01 -01                                                                              -32                                                                              -45                                                                              -03                                                                              -45 -32                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 5                                     __________________________________________________________________________    col                      col                                                  000            5     8   010                                                  __________________________________________________________________________    row00:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row01:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row02:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row03:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row04:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row05:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row06:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row07:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row08:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row09:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row10:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row11:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row12:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row13:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row14:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row15:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row16:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row17:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row18:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row19:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row20:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1  1 0 0 0 0 10 = 1.132μ                          row21:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 0 0 0 0 (7.95) (0.9μ)                        row22:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row23:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row24:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row25:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row26:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row27:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row28:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row29:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row30:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 1 0 0 0 15 = 1.697μ                          row31:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0 (15.88) (1.8μ)                       row32:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0 14 = 1.587μ                          row33:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row34:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row35:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row36:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row37:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row38:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row39:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row40:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row41:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row42:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row43:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row44:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  1 0 0 0 0                                         row45:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 0 0 0 0 10                                      row46:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row47:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row48:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row49:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row50:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row51:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row52:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row53:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row54:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 1 0 0 0 24 = 2.717μ                          row55:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0 (23.82) (2.7μ)                       row56:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row57:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row58:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row59:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row60:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row61:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row62:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row63:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row64:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row65:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row66:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row67:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row68:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row69:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  0 0 0 0 0                                         row70:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  1 0 0 0 0                                         row71:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row72:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row73:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row74:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row75:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row76:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row77:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row78:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row79:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row80:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  1 0 0 0 0                                         row81:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1  1 0 0 0 0                                         row82:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1  1 0 0 0 0                                         row83:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1  1 0 0 0 0                                         row84:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row85:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row86:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row87:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row88:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row89:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 6                                     __________________________________________________________________________    col                                                                           000                5         8     010                                        __________________________________________________________________________    row00:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01 -01                                                                              -30                                                                              -40                                                                              -02                                                                              -01 -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row01:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01 -10                                                                              -17                                                                              -25                                                                              -04                                                                              -01 -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row02:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01 002                                                                              018                                                                              025                                                                              -01                                                                              -01 -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row03:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -02 011                                                                              028                                                                              040                                                                              004                                                                              -01 -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row04:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -13                                                                              -28 002                                                                              019                                                                              024                                                                              003                                                                              -24 -19                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row05:                                                                            - 01                                                                             -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -50                                                                              -110                                                                              -23                                                                              028                                                                              034                                                                              -03                                                                              -96 -73                                                                              -02                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row06:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -50                                                                              -110                                                                              -14                                                                              026                                                                              034                                                                              -05                                                                              -94 -72                                                                              -03                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row07:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              019                                                                              042 011                                                                              -20                                                                              -13                                                                              002                                                                              038 028                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row08:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              061                                                                              043 033                                                                              -61                                                                              -79                                                                              009                                                                              036 028                                                                              004                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row09:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              039                                                                              088 019                                                                              -35                                                                              -28                                                                              006                                                                              076 058                                                                              004                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row10:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -30                                                                              -65 -09                                                                              015                                                                              020                                                                              -03                                                                              -55 -42                                                                              001                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row11:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -58                                                                              -128                                                                              -17                                                                              028                                                                              040                                                                              -04                                                                              -111                                                                              -85                                                                              -03                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row12:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -28                                                                              -62 -08                                                                              019                                                                              024                                                                              -02                                                                              -69 -53                                                                              -02                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row13:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -19                                                                              -44 -04                                                                              028                                                                              034                                                                              -03                                                                              -100                                                                              -76                                                                              -02                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row14:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -17                                                                              -40 -04                                                                              026                                                                              035                                                                              -05                                                                              -94 -72                                                                              -03                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row15:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              005                                                                              010 002                                                                              -07                                                                              -09                                                                              003                                                                              038 028                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row16:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              020                                                                              046 005                                                                              -30                                                                              -41                                                                              012                                                                              036 028                                                                              004                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row17:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              012                                                                              029 003                                                                              -18                                                                              -24                                                                              007                                                                              076 058                                                                              004                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row18:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              002                                                                              005 001                                                                              -03                                                                              -03                                                                              -04                                                                              -55 -42                                                                              001                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              - 01                       row19:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              001                                                                              001 001                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -07                                                                              -111                                                                              -85                                                                              -03                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row20:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              003                                                                              010 002                                                                              -06                                                                              -08                                                                              -05                                                                              -53 -40                                                                              -02                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row21:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              018                                                                              040 004                                                                              -26                                                                              -34                                                                              -04                                                                              -37 -30                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row22:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              019                                                                              040 004                                                                              -26                                                                              -35                                                                              -04                                                                              -35 -26                                                                              -02                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row23:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -05                                                                              -10 -02                                                                              007                                                                              009                                                                              002                                                                              009 007                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row24:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -22                                                                              -46 -05                                                                              030                                                                              041                                                                              005                                                                              041 030                                                                              001                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row25:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -12                                                                              -29 -02                                                                              024                                                                              029                                                                              008                                                                              029 024                                                                              003                                                                              -01                                                                              - 01                                                                             -01                        row26:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -02                                                                              -05 001                                                                              030                                                                              035                                                                              006                                                                              035 030                                                                              001                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row27:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01 -01                                                                              026                                                                              042                                                                              -01                                                                              042 026                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row28:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01 -02                                                                              -10                                                                              -06                                                                              -07                                                                              -06 -10                                                                              -02                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        row29:                                                                            -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01 -01                                                                              -32                                                                              -45                                                                              -03                                                                              -45 -32                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                                                                              -01                        __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 7                                     __________________________________________________________________________    col                      col                                                  000            5     8   010                                                  __________________________________________________________________________    row00:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row01:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row02:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row03:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row04:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row05:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row06:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row07:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row08:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row09:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row10:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row11:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row12:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row13:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row14:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row15:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row16:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row17:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row18:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row19:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row20:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row21:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 0 0 0 0 8 = 0.906μ                           row22:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0 (7.95) (0.9μ)                        row23:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row24:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row25:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row26:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row27:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row28:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row29:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0  0 1 0 0 0 16 = 1.811μ                          row30:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 1 0 0 0 (15.88) (1.8μ)                       row31:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row32:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row33:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row34:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row35:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row36:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row37:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row38:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row39:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row40:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row41:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row42:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row43:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row44:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row45:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 0 0 0 0 8                                       row46:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row47:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row48:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row49:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row50:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row51:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row52:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row53:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 1 0 0 0                                         row54:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 1 0 0 0 24 =  2.717                             row55:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0 (23.82) (2.7μ)                       row56:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0 16                                      row57:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row58:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row59:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row60:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row61:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row62:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row63:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row64:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row65:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row66:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row67:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row68:                                                                            0  0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row69:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  1 0 0 0 0                                         row70:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  1 0 0 0 0                                         row71:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row72:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row73:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row74:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row75:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row76:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row77:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row78:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row79:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1  1 1 0 0 0                                         row80:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1  1 0 0 0 0                                         row81:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1  1 0 0 0 0                                         row82:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1  1 0 0 0 0                                         row83:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1  1 0 0 0 0                                         row84:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row85:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row86:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row87:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row88:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         row89:                                                                            0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0                                         __________________________________________________________________________

We claim:
 1. An optical relay device for generating broad sizenon-coherent irradiating light to be projected on an optical diskrotating at a disk rotating speed, comprising:a) one or more laserdiodes; b) one or more optical elements; and c) fiber optics positionedwith one end in front of the said laser diodes and at the other end infront of said optical elements,wherein at least one of said opticalelements is operative to project the non-coherent irradiating lightreceived from said fiber optics onto the optical disk.
 2. A deviceaccording to claim 1, further comprising a detector matrix to collectthe broad size non-coherent irradiating light, said plurality ofdetectors being arranged in parallel lines to form column of detectorswhereby electric charge generated by light falling on each of saiddetectors is summed with a charge generated by light falling on previoussaid detectors and transferred at the disk rotating speed to a followingone of said detectors to produce an output signal resulting from theintegration of each of said columns of detectors.
 3. A method forgenerating broad size non-coherent irradiating light to be projected onan optical disk, comprising the steps of:a) providing one or more laserdiodes; b) providing one or more optical elements; c) providing fiberoptics positioned with one end in front of said laser diodes and at theother end in front of said optical elements; and d) providing at leastone of said optical elements to project the non-coherent irradiatinglight received from said fiber optics onto the optical disk.